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My enthusiasm for the approaching Thanksgiving was met time and again with cruel reminders that Thanksgiving is not an Australian tradition. None the less, this was only going to be my second real Thanksgiving, and I was damn excited by the prospect of eating a lot of weird food. Despite what some did/will say, traditional American food is weird. Sweet potatoes topped by marshmallows? Baked potatoes topped with corn flakes? They may be delicious, but there is something counter-intuitive about all of these. The crossing of well-establish boundaries, the pairing of breakfast foods with dinner foods, dinners with desserts.
I was determined not just to eat a lot of weird American food, but to pay testament to the weirdness of said food by weirding it a little more. I wanted to do some Mexican-American fushionising. So I volunteered to make the traditional Thanksgiving Green Bean Casserole. But I resolved to do it Australian-Mexican-American style. Which basically just means that I took the green beans out and put rajas in. They’re still green; really I just changed one word of the name.
Ingredients
* 12 chiles poblanos, to make into rajas
* two cans (or one very big can) of cream of mushroom soup
* milk – quite a bit
*onions – quite a few
*flour – not much
*salt, pepper, ground garlic, etc.
Part One – Making Rajas
1. Turn the gas burners on (or in my case, find out that you’re out of gas, order more, wait for two hours for it to be delivered, wonder how you could have used so much gas so fast, and then turn on the gas burners), and char the chiles poblanos directly over the heat, until the skin is blistering to brown and black. The less healthy, smooth dark green skin left the better (not sure what this does to the nutritional content of the chiles, but since when has Thanksgiving – or Mexican cuisine in general – been about that?).
2. As soon as you remove the chiles from the flame, put them in a plastic bag and tie it tight, so that the chiles sweat. Let them do so for about 15 minutes.
3. Remove the chiles from the bag, pull/scrap their skin off (should come away easily), and remove the cores and all the seeds. Cut the chiles into short strips, and you have a heap of rajas ready for casseroling (if you’re not casseroling them, stir fry them lightly with onion).
Part Two – Casseroling
1. Pre-heat oven to 175 degrees Celsius (or if you have a Mexican oven, set it to ‘quite big flame’).
2. Mix the mushroom soup, rajas, maybe some onion, and about one soup tin worth of milk. Add sat, pepper and etc to taste.
3. Pour the mix into a baking tin/tray (don’t line it with baking paper like I did unless you want to be picking shreds of paper out of your teeth all night), and bake it for 30 minutes, or until its bubbling and getting firm.
Part Three – French-frying Onions.
1. Perfect example of the weirdness of American food. What do you need to add to a perfectly good casserole? A whole lot of crunchy fried onion rings, obviously. So cut some onions into thin rings.
2. Soak the rings in milk for a few minutes.
3. Mix flour, salt, pepper, ground garlic etc on a plate. Drag the milk-soaked onion rings through the flour mix.
4. Fry the battered onions in a panful of dirty oil, then set them to drain.
5. When the casserole has firmed nicely, dump the onion rings over the casserole, and bake again for a few more minutes.
Hypothetical Part Four – Enchiladaing your casserole (warning: this is untried!)
1. Don’t dump the onion rings over the casserole and re-bake it. Instead just remove the casserole from the oven.
2. Lightly fry a bunch of tortillas – but keep them soft!
3. Spoon (or knife and fork) portions of the casserole into the tortillas, rolling them up. When you have a long row of tortillas heap the remaining casserole mix over the tortillas. Top with the onion rings and cheese (optional).
4. Bake the casserole enchiladas for a few minutes.
5. You’ve just created a brand new food bastard. Is it good? I can’t imagine how it wouldn’t be.
Austin, Texas
Thursday 24 May 2007
‘Keep Austin weird’ the bumper stickers and technicolour t-shirts proudly proclaim, but such sloganeering is unnecessary; Austin couldn’t be anything but weird. Four days about town is a tumble through the Texan looking-glass.
Despite being the warm, gooey, liberal heart of a vocally Red-publican state, Austin is proudly proudly Texan. More than one Austinite had me pause while they pointed proudly up one of the many flag poles. Texas, I was told a number of times, is the only state allowed to fly its flag at the same height as the USofA national flag.
A condition of Texas joining the USofA was that it retain the right to secede from the union at any time.
The Texas state capital building is in Austin, and a colossal thing it is, enormous white dome sitting atop a great pink granite building. Inside an enormous crest commemorates the six flags that have flown of Texas: the French flag, the Spanish, the Mexican, the Republic of Texas, the Confederate States, and the United States. The flags, the secession clause, the enormous portrait of Davey Crockett on the lobby wall – it is clear that Texas is a state that values its independence highly.
So when the revolution comes, will independence be bought with the pistols of Texan mythology or the bags of cash of Texan reality?
Austin, like Houston, is awash with money. The university of Texas is a massive institution. Its prestigious research centre boasts (i think) the first ever photograph anywhere, as well as an original Gutenberg bible. These are items with no cultural heritage in Austin. But they are a part of the great American buy-up of global culture.
To feel the full weirdness of Austin, though, I stepped out of the institutions and walked about town. Like all of Texas, Austin is a diverse place. The myth of the white macho frontiersman has long faded from the earth. Today Texas attracts a smorgasbord of international cultures. And while people of all shapes, colours and sizes are pulling on fancy leather cowboy boots, it is Texas that is being shaped and moulded by this international richness. My friend Nazanin, who I was in town to visit, is a proud member of the Persian-Texan community. It is a rich and poignant paradox, that Iran and America can meld so effortlessly on the streets of Austin, while remain at such stubborn loggerheads in the strange world of diplomacy.
In the evenings a crowd gathers, tourists and locals rubbing shoulders on the bridge at the edge of downtown. It is a polyglot group, English and Spanish in equal portions, and a smattering of Asian and other European tongues sliding between these. The people have turned out to see Austin’s bat population take to the air. Beneath the bridge hundreds of thousands of tiny bats are crammed into humid little crannies, waiting for the sky to darken. Bat colonnies have been fostered in town for over a century, their original purpose to protect the citizens from insect-borne Malaria. But again, the wild frontier days are long gone. Now the bats are a part of the rich and proud local mythology. When the sun is down they pour forth, a river of shapes in motion, flitting over the sluggish green river below. They move too fast to be individually distinguished, but appear first as a flow over the river and then as a haze over the trees. then they are gone into the darkness.
Bats, pride, multiculturalism. These are a part of the Austin backdrop. What fills up the hours of the day?
The particulars of Austin life are hard to define. In the evenings 6th street explodes to life and music thumps through the air. Rickshaws zip from club to club. And yet despite the energy most people are sitting languidly, enjoy Austin’s signature live music, eating, drinking and being merry.
It takes up a surprising amount of time, eating. The food is excellent, but again expectation-defying. No sign of Texan BBQ or obscene slabs of meat. But a plethora of vegan options, enormous organic markets, and Tex-Mex fare thats puts to death my fear that all American culinary institutions are marked by blandness and greasiness. It has taken almost two months for me to quell that fear.
I arrived in Austin on a Thursday evening, and Nazanin casually mentioned that there was a vegan hot dog eating contest on the Saturday. The stars and dates could not have aligned better. This was to be the centrepiece of my time in the capital, and the highlight of my foray through Texas.
What better crystallisation of the weirdness of Austin, then a vegan hot dog eating contest? A quintessential American idea – stuffing ones face with dogs – inverted and gone green, healthy, socially-responsible, maybe even ironic?!
The Austinites turned out in force, and they brought their tattoos with them. The hobo-punks were well represented, and one of them entered the doubles contest with his dog, who wolfed down six franks. The rocker kids were there and their star massacred 13 dogs, guzzled cloudy hot dog water and then threw up on stage. A plethora of photographers and film-makers stalked the crowd and filmed the guy in the super-hero get-up, who was disqualified for smuggling dogs. The vegan fire-fighters were invited as special guests. The hippies waited around and requested leftovers.
Having sniffed out a free meal, I entered into the singles contest, intending to polish off three dogs or so and then retire. But the roar of the crowd and the mound of lukewarm dogs on the plate before me aroused something deeper. Can I say the spirit of Texas was upon me?
One two three dogs slid down easily, and i knew I wasn’t going to win, but couldn’t very well walk away now. I had had my meal but there were another ten minutes on the clock. four and five and i was enjoying myself and hadn’t forgotten to use my napkin or chew with my mouth closed. Six and i had to adjust my posture somewhat and chew more thoroughly. seven and there was little point in stopping now with the time more than half gone, but the rock guy next to me swigging hot dog water made me a little queasy. Eight and my stomach was hurting but the mouth and hands were unrelenting. Nine and i wondered for the first time how such an act of gluttony fit with my vegetarian principles. Nine and a half and i had forgotten principles and had my sights set on double digits. Ten and i felt triumphant and very very bloated, but there were still some dogs on my plate, and the crowd was counting down. Ten and a half and numbers became irrelevant and my stomach became the distressed centre of the universe. The countdown concluded. I was too tired to stand but too sore to sit. The winners were awarded and I smiled and wanted to sleep. The winners, both in the double and singles categories, were not the big-talkers or face-stuffers. they didn’t throw up or look troubled. They received their prizes and disappeared into the colourful crowd.
The fullness passed and I would eat again. i had surprised and vindicated myself. I had crossed over and entered into the looking glass of Austin, found it to be weird but deeply pleasing. I had contradicted and surprised myself, and done so vibrantly and theatrically. And that I think was my most profoundly Texan moment, a mouth stuffed with ketchup and veggie-dog, not sure why I was doing what I was doing but determined to see it through to the end, to enjoy it and be proud of it.
How does any of that typify Texas? or Austin? It doesn’t necessarily, but after all my time in Houston and in Austin I still feel confounded by the richness and weirdness of Texas, a land that conforms to its own myths at the same time that it flips them round or shatters them. I had hoped to glean some special insight in America by coming here. And while there were fleeting moments of apprehension, usually with a full mouth or belly, I think I only really began to skim the surface of an impossibly rich and diverse state, with enough ingredients to constitute its own nation many times over.
The revolution is coming..
November 20 marks the anniversary of the Mexican Revolution. What? Wasn’t that September 16 and all the Miguel Hidalgo business? No way Jose; Mexico has had both a war of independence and a revolution (and various conquests, a few invasions and now a war on drugs). Officially the Mexican Revolution began in 1910 and ended in 1920, although there have been and continue to be revolutionary relapses spawned by the first bloody revolution.
Throughout the revolution a series of rulers succeeded one another in Mexico, always requiring at least a little military force to make it into, and to stay in power. Most of these figures, as with my of the prominent figures of the revolution, would be eventually assassinated by the factions of their rivals.
Two of the most beloved folk-heroes of the revolution are Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata, the Centaur of the North and the Tiger (or the Attila, depending on who you talk to) of the South. Neither of them ever became top dog, but both of them were decisive generals who helped topple the other top dogs of the revolutionary period.
While Villa launched his raids and courted Hollywood, Zapata had the more definite agenda to his struggle. Villa was a career bandit who took up the banner of the revolution. Zapata was a dandy and talented horseman who took up arms slowly when it became clear there would be no other way to continue the struggle for land rights for the impoverished serfs of his region.
Eduardo Galeano (author of Open Veins of Latin America) unsurprisingly calls Zapata “purest of the revolutionaries, most loyal to the cause of the poor, most determined to right the wrongs of society”. Certainly Zapata was the most radical of the revolutionaries, and this made him utterly uncompromising. Three consecutive rulers of Mexico were comrades-in-arms to Zapata, until they came into power and did not do enough to address land reform. Ultimately there could be no place in the newly emerging Mexico for Zapata; the new order was one of compromises, of moderation, perhaps of vacillation. It was the last ally-turned-ruler, Venustiano Carranza, whose underlings deceived, ambushed and assassinated Zapata in 1919.
Zapata’s Plan de Ayala was a rambling manifesto, full of spelling errors. It helped characterise Zapata as an illiterate brigand whose movement had been co-opted by radical city intellectuals. The plan was also the most revolutionary document in Mexico at the time; it was printed in newspapers to discredit Zapata, but instead drew thousands upon thousands of disillusioned peasants to his cause. It also demanded that Zapata’s military adversaries be considered traitors and not prisoners of war, and summarily executed en masse. As was written in the Plan, Zapata was “resolved to struggle against everything and everybody”.
Zapata died at the same age as Che Guevara, and like Guevara it required his death to bring him into the mainstream. Both men found they couldn’t live with the systems they had in part established, that the results of their revolutions weren’t sufficient, and that there would be always and forever a need for more guns (even though neither men had started out with a gun in his hands). In death though Che found a place on t-shirts everywhere, the poster boy of the left. Zapata found a place on the now out of circulation 10 peso note, and became one of the heroes of the Revolution, poster boy for a system he had rejected and died still fighting. Although times have changed in Mexico the fundamental inequality has not; the poor are still as voiceless, as trampled as ever.
Zapata has become a hero, though, and not just a hero to jungle revolutionaries or downtrodden peasants. Contemporary Mexico was born out of Carranza’s government, out of his constitution; Zapata is celebrated today by the offspring of those who arranged his murder. Perhaps he had to die for Mexico to find a way forward, perhaps there is no place for an uncompromising, die-on-our-feet-instead-of-living-on-our-knees mentality. Galeano paints a picture of the state Zapata was creating in the wake of his military victories; it is a socialistic utopia. It sounds very much like what Mexico needed and needs. But it doesn’t sound much like something that could ever be allowed to exist; such a society couldn’t be made by a dissenting faction; only the consent of everyone could build such a society and see it thrive. That or a lot of guns.
So finally Zapata is a hero to all, but only in death. In life there was no place for him and his ideas. The only safe way to deal with him was to betray and kill him, so he could be safely printed onto the lowest denomination of paper money; a fitting location for one who sought to raise the lowest common denominator in his country.
Houston, Texas
Tuesday 22 May 2007
I had originally deviated south from my classic east to west trajectory so I could experience Texas. New Orleans, Alabama – these had all been arranged around the grail of the south, which was Texas.
Greyhounding out of New Orleans and the verdure of Louisiana, I was tantalised by ideas of cowboys, Cadillacs, oil wells and rednecks. All that stuff that makes up the mythology of Texas. But the fecund green of the deep south didn’t stop at the state line. And there were no broncos or stage coaches or tumbleweed to greet me. There was just more green, and bloated clouds roiling and boiling overhead.
Great grey strips of road had been raised up on tall legs over the fickle bayou waters. These strips merged with other strips, becoming wider and wider, carving greater chunks out of the green until eventually there was no green. Just endless lines of grey, intertwining and converging on Houston.
First came the greasey auto shops and shiny machinery dealerships. Then came the franchises, squatting over huge parking lots; Burger King, McDonalds, Dairy Queen, Jack in the Box, KFC, Walmart, Walgreens, Home Depot. Then came the planned, leafy nieghbourhoods, hidden from our greyhound behind high fences. Then came the first business district with its attendant hotels. Then came more franchises. It was all Houston, but downtown, central Houston was still a long way away. Long grey miles intervened between it and me.
Alex, the gal kind enough to host me, lived in one of these well-planned, reclusive little neighbourhoods on the outskirts of Houston. The bus into town took well over an hour, and passed four separate Hooters franchises.
Downtown, when it finally emerged from the nest of highways over, under and bypassing each other and stacked three, four or five high, was an impressive skyline. Narrow skyscrapers gleamed in the leaden light, all glass and steel like mirrors. Smooth, shiny edifices that reflected endless repetitions of the other skyscrapers. A skyline communicating the brashness of new money and the high-gloss veneer of success and prosperity.
The downtown streets were quiet. An underground mall that connected many of the main buildings meant the majority of workers didn’t need to take to the streets at all. From carpark to desk to food court to desk to carpark. Outside it started to rain. Grey clouds reflected in grey steel.
This was not the mythical Texas I had been desiring. This was the reality of oil and industry in the south, creating billions of dollars, but not yet the sophistication to know what to do with this money. Houston is a city that seems to be casting glances north to the impossibly big brothers of Chicago, New York and DC. It has the money to rival these cities, to put itself on the global map. It just hasn’t quite figured out what that involves yet. The trappings of wealth, the glamour labels and names and brands have arrived, but they are everywhere and their prevalence here makes the city seem soulless and generic.
Caught between the greyness of the city and the greyness of the sky, I lapsed into apathy and discontent. The money of Houston has brought big name and big price tag art to the city. It, like the rest of America, is full of art plundered from the rest of the world. I saw none of it. I spent long hours wandering nondescript neighbourhoods looking for signs of life, but found few. I ended up walking the same streets over and over, and wondering, what am I doing here why did I come to Houston to Texas to the USofA? I reached my limit of bad American food and spent hungry hours unable to find fresh food or cheap food or even tasty food. Mind and stomach grumbled to one another.
In amidst the endlessly repeating blocks and unvisited galleries, though, I did find a few special places. Some of that idle money had found creative outlets. In close proximity: the Rothko Chapel, the Byzantine Fresco Chapel, St. Basil’s Chapel. Three quirky little havens against the grey, even if, in the case of the Rothko chapel, the walls of the space were lined with fourteen immense canvases painted entirely black. A different kind of grey, then; this was a meditative greyness. A carefully curated and designed greyness, built to house abstract expressionist canvases, or restored thirteenth century Cypriot art, or very contemporary Catholic icons. And in the stillness and the contemplative greyness, I pondered Houston and my trip.
I just wanted to see a few cowboys.
Alex had some consolation for me. She took me to see the Wild West. Which is a bar, in greater-Houston, its car park full of pick-ups, its neon sign sitting atop a barn of a building. Inside the waitresses called us darlin’ and couples two-stepped around a dance floor. There were moustaches and there were patterned boots and there were big hats. It looked like the real Texas, that is, the imaginary Texas I had been craving. Couples of all ages were a-twirling and a-stomping. And they were laughing. And I was laughing.
I had wanted to see the ridiculous in Texas, and it was here. But it wasn’t in the people enjoying themselves, it was in the fact that there have to be special bars, like museums, dedicated to this sort of thing. Places to preserve and perpetuate the old, time-honoured, empty myths about the exotic folk of Texas. I don’t know whether Texas was ever like this, but it definitely isn’t any more. There is a huge gap between the image of Texas and the reality of Houston.
I’ve been asked many times by the people I’ve met about the outside, international image of America and Americans. My snappy reply is that when people think of Americans, they picture Texans. Its partly the result of the jocular president, and partly the result of a deeper, ingrained racism that envisages yankees as cultural barbarians, as an upstart nation wielding too much power (this attitude is usually most fervently clung to by citizens of nations no longer at the height of their power. It looks a lot like jealousy), as a bunch of brash cowboys, dropping bombs, driving big cars and chasing dollars.
Houston was by no means the highlight of my trip, but it did shatter for me some of the illusions that should have shattered long ago. Texas isn’t the romantic, western frontier i had hoped it would be. And its not a den of warmongers and oil barons. In amidst the bland concrete blocks of Houston are, for instance, some of the most advanced medical facilities in the world. Houston feels like a city undergoing a crisis of identity, seeking to reinvent itself outside of most of the stereotypes nurtured at home and abroad. It is the same ardent spirit seen all over the states, and especially throughout the middle cities. Cleveland, St Louis, Memphis – all have their demons and stereotypes to throw off. In Houston the money and the desire are there, the rest will come.
The grey miles knot themselves together and snake out in all directions. The Greyhound follows an impossibly convoluted route out of the city and away. The sky clears and the immensity of Texas remains before me.
I had a Pancho Villa t-shirt once and I loved it intensely. It went where I went, and occupied the designated ‘white t-shirt’ place in my pack, even after it was turning yellow and pilling uncomfortably and shrinking further and further up my midriff. Before it was retired the tee travelled with me through Europe, North America and Asia.
I bought the tee in Zacatecas, where a thundering equestrian statue of Pancho Villa overlooks the city. It (the tee) read ZACATECAS / Pancho Villa / Centauro del Norte / Mexico. Zacatecas was the site of one of Villa’s most significant victories.
Wherever I went with my Pancho Villa tee, I could be relatively sure of finding at least one Mexican who wanted to congratulate me (ok maybe not in Korea, but certainly in Europe and the US). When I started living in Spain I made sure to wear the tee in the presence of potential Mexican friends. If I couldn’t speak Spanish I could at least speak cool. Pancho Villa is definitely cool.
I’ve written before about the conundrum of wearing Che Guevara tees. These days it’s cooler to decry Che shirts as a betrayal of his revolutionary dreams than it is to wear a Che shirt. The other incendiary revolutionaries of the twentieth century haven’t quite progressed that far in popular theory yet.
Villa was, in any case, a very different kind of revolutionary. He took no stance as broad and untenable as the downfall of capitalism. He fought more or less consistently against a string of military rulers during the Revolution (some of whom had been former comrades-in-arms), but made no grand manifestos declaring his motives. Land reform was if not one of Villa’s goals, then certainly one of his methods, as he appropriated hacienda lands and pressured the wealthy into funding his campaigns with generous loans.
Villa was no communist; if anything he was closer to a rogue entrepreneur. Aside from expropriating the wealth of the upper classes, he raised money with train robberies, by printing his own money, and by signing film deals with Hollywood, which brought camera crews into his camp. He would have sold t-shirts to fund the cause if they were in vogue back then.
The Mexican Revolution was the era that forged Mexico’s international image. It was from this time that the image of the gunslinger wearing a wide sombrero and wrapped in bandoliers originates. Pancho Villa was the archetypal gunslinger of the time; there are many photos of him on horseback, haughtily posed and with ample moustache, armed and defiant. He was a capable general known for recklessness, for leaving a trail of destruction and controversy that other politicians and general were forced to clean up. He would have made a terrible president, but he made a great desert caudillo, storming fortresses, torching cities and evading capture.
The revolutionary era in Mexico took a long time to end, but as it began to dwindle away Villa and other revolutionary generals found themselves outlawed and cut off from their funds and supplies. There was really no place for Villa in the new Mexico. As successive governments slowly returned stability to the country the old firebrand generals needed to disappear so that new structures of power could emerge. Villa retired to a hacienda in the north, and as with all the figures of the revolution, was assassinated by the underlings of one of his rivals (even though his power was already broken). A late spasm of violence in the tail of the revolution.
I bought my Pancho Villa t-shirt because it looked cool. It didn’t make as strong a statement or counter-statement as a Che tee. I suppose I could say that the shirt represented the fight against oppression, but really it just represented the fact that Pancho was supremely cool, a figure that managed to make a dirty business look glamorous. Villa is known as a hero of the revolution today, I think, more because of his charisma and his eminently t-shit-worthy image than because of his politics or his methods or his results.
While Guevara and probably others sit awkwardly on their t-shirts, their revolutions betrayed to consumerism, Villa sat comfortably on my shirt and sits comfortably on others (though not all that many). The t-shirt is perhaps his proper realm; a fitting place to remember a Hollywood rogue, a revolutionary who ran out of revolution, a sly entrepreneur and a Mexican icon.
